The Critical Pedagogy tradition begins from a very different starting point. It regards specific belief claims, not primarily as propositions to be assessed for their truth content, but as parts of systems of belief and action that have aggregate effects within the power structures of society. It asks first about these systems of belief and action, who benefits? The primary preoccupation of Critical Pedagogy is with social injustice and how to transform inequitable, undemocratic, or oppressive institutions and social relations. ... Indeed, a crucial dimension of this approach is that certain claims, even if they might be "true" or substantiated within particular confines and assumptions, might nevertheless be partisan in their effects. Assertions that African-Americans score lower on IQ tests, for example, even if it is a "fact" that this particular population does on average score lower on this particular set of tests, leaves significant larger questions unaddressed, not the least of which is what effect such assertions have on a general population that is not aware of the important limits of these tests or the tenuous relation, at best, between "what IQ tests measure" and "intelligence." Other important questions, from this standpoint, include: Who is making these assertions? Why are they being made at this point in time? Who funds such research? Who promulgates these "findings"? Are they being raised to question African-American intelligence or to demonstrate the bias of IQ tests? Such questions, from the Critical Pedagogy perspective, are not external to, or separable from, the import of also weighing the evidentiary base for such claims. 
Critical Thinking and Critical Pedagogy: Relations, Differences, and Limits ***Forthcoming in Critical Theory in Educational Discourse, Thomas S. Popkewitz and Philip Higgs, eds. (Butterworth's, 1997).  http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/facstaff/burbules/ ncb/papers/critical.html



Public School Pandemonium

My experience as a public school teacher

by Rachel Baxter

"A tax supported, compulsory educational system is the complete model of the
totalitarian state." -- Isabel Patterson, The God of the Machine

Remember the movie The Stepford Wives, starring Katharine Ross?
It was about a small town where all the men, through some sort of clandestine medical procedure, turn their wives into robotic, zombie housewives. These creatures' primary goals in life were how clean they could get their floors, and how nauseatingly subservient they were to their husbands -- no matter how inept and ridiculous they were.

Ross knew there was something really wrong when her normally outspoken,
feminist best friend turned into one of these Betty Crocker androids. Ross was the only one who knew the women were behaving strangely and that something was frighteningly off kilter. Her desperate attempts at trying to alert her friends to this bizarre situation fall on deaf ears.

Like Ross's character, I have experienced this Stepford Syndrome, although in a different context: As a teacher in the public school system.

Let me explain.

Being a libertarian for 20 years, particularly a libertarian woman, I've often felt somewhat apart from the crowd; certainly a contrarian in many ways. Couldn't imagine being otherwise.

Although it frustrates and saddens me, I'm accustomed to most people shutting down, resisting, or getting angry at the profound and crucial message of freedom that libertarians like myself speak of. For a variety of reasons -- lack of knowledge, emotionalism, laziness, or fear -- people shut their eyes, ears, and hearts to the insane butchery of individual rights that is taking place all around them.

Yet, I've known this for a long time; it certainly isn't anything new. But
no matter what I've come up against as a libertarian, nothing (other than my
own public education and my beliefs on how kids learn best) prepared me for
the harsh reality of what I witnessed being done to kids in the public schools.

And like Ross's character, I was stunned that nobody -- teachers, parents, and administrators -- thought anything was wrong. These were seemingly nice people, which made it much harder to understand why they didn't see the enormous amount of harm they were causing. Everywhere I turned, kids were subjected to some sort of emotional, physical, intellectual, or spiritual carnage. The cruelty and madness of the system demanded that I treat the children as they did.

Fortunately, I failed: I lasted six months.

I taught special education to 10 "intellectually disabled" (labeled "ID") kindergarten, first-, and-third graders. A few of them had legitimate, physiological problems, such as speech disorders, but the rest of them -- God forbid, individuals that they were -- simply did not fit into a system that was incapable of recognizing and nurturing the talents they already possessed or were developing.

In fact, the system was bent on destroying any uniqueness, intellectual curiosity, or self-discovery that these kids brought with them into the school.

This wasn't just true for the special education kids. It is required that all children who enter the doors of public schools leave any semblance of themselves outside. The intention of government schooling is not to encourage kids' natural love and passion for learning, and it's definitely not in the agenda to foster independence.

The system is specifically designed to chip away, piece by piece, a child's inherent right to develop into an independent-minded, psychologically aware, autonomous human being.

This is not an exaggeration. Because I saw what was happening and was not able to stop it, it felt like I was in prison.

By the way, ever notice how schools look like prisons? This is no accident. A friend of mine calls the architectural style of some of the older schools "Gothic Penitentiary." The school I taught in had ugly yellow institutional tiling lining the hallway walls that reached above the childrens' heads. I imagined the kids must have wondered if they were in one giant bathroom.

The environment was so madly chaotic that it was virtually impossible to learn anything, let alone finish a conversation. Many times I'd be in the middle of a discussion or project with a child and a bell would blast so loud, I'd have to covermy ears. Everyone else would be oblivious to the intrusion and move to another place -- like rats in a cage.

Everybody rushed around as if something important was going on. If a child was in the middle of doing something, he'd better HURRY UP and finish so he could move on to the next meaningless task.

In his book The Underground History of American Education, former New York State Teacher of the Year, John Gatto writes, "By bells and other concentration-destroying technology, schools teach that nothing is worth finishing because some arbitrary power intervenes both periodically and aperiodically. If nothing is worth finishing, nothing is worth starting. Love of learning can't survive this steady drill."

How do public schools curtail, control, or trample a child's growing sense of self? And what are the real lessons learned by the child lurking behind the lessons being taught?

Here are some examples I've seen in the short time that I was teaching. There are many more.

* A 7-year-old boy walks into the class and finds his desk upside down and the contents dumped all over the floor. All the kids listen while the teacher admonishes this child for having a messy desk. The child remains standing, immobilized and embarrassed, looking at the floor. He learns it is okay to humiliate someone in front of others and that his property can be gone through without his permission. He learns disrespect for the property of others.

* Children being forced to waste an inordinate amount of time waiting. They wait for other kids to finish their work; for recess; to go in after recess; for lunch; to go in after lunch; to answer a question; to ask a question; to go to the bathroom; to get on the bus; to take roll. They learn that wasting precious time is normal. They do not learn how to manage time for themselves.

* One teacher refused to open the windows or shades and kept the class in a continuous semi-darkness. The psychological impact of sitting in a dark room every day is devastating. It causes depression -- not to mention eye-strain. To not be able to look out a window can certainly be likened to a prison sentence.

* Bribery in the form of food, stars, prizes, "free time," alone time, grades, or other means of manipulation in order to get kids to learn material they found useless and boring; to get them to stop moving, talking, or anything else the teacher thought was disruptive to "the learning process." They learn to shut down their own natural joy of learning for its intrinsic rewards; and instead, perform like circus animals in order to get rewards.

* Legally drugging kids with amphetamines or other psychotropic medications in order to control behavior. This is medicalizing and drugging normal childhood behaviors to control kids; which in turn, causes dangerous side effects and even death. Kids learn that they have no rights with respect to their physical and intellectual well-being.

* Punishment in the form of humiliation and physical pain (corporal punishment), failing grades, isolation, prohibiting physical movement (taking away recess and making them sit in desks for hours on end), or verbal insults.I would cringe every time a particular teacher walked down the hall with her class. She always had something mean and nasty to say to some poor child.

Kids learn that disrespect, cruelty, and physical force are the means used to getting what they want. They learn to treat themselves in the same fashion and they equate learning with drudgery, confinement, and pain.

* Preventing healthy, meaningful relationships by artificially fragmenting time, separating younger kids from the older; "slower" from the "quicker"; popular from unpopular; competing with other students for teachers' attention; or teachers and administrators functioning as guards instead of caring mentors.

Kids are conditioned to have a short attention span. They do not learn to effectively socialize with varying age groups or intellectual abilities. They learn contempt for "weaker" students and fear toward those who appear "stronger."

* Making ridiculous rules and regulations that children inevitably break; such as not allowing toy guns, baseball bats and balls, and countless other fun toys and games that kids throughout all of human existence, in some form or another, have used for play.

Along with all of the above, my school wouldn't let the younger kids climb too high on the playground equipment. It was on the playground, but they couldn't use it! The learning experiences of play are severely curtailed. Instead of the exhilaration and pride felt upon mastering developmental skills, kids learn hesitancy and fearfulness.

* I was having a mundane conversation with a teacher. A child was sitting close by, timidly watching us. In a spiteful tone of voice this teacher says to him, "We're not talking to you; mind your own business."

The child immediately looks down and tries to be invisible. The child learns not to be curious about what adults are saying and doing -- which is natural for children. He learns it is fine to speak to someone with harshness and contempt.

* Kids have no privacy. There is nowhere to go to be alone -- even the private act of going to the bathroom requires permission and often surveillance, and the child had better HURRY UP and finish and get back to class!

Children learn to be uncomfortable with being alone. They have problems taking initiative without asking an authority figure what to do.

* There is no time for the child to discover what he or she loves. All time is taken up by what others deem to be useful or appropriate.

One child I know of always had a messy desk and had trouble writing neatly. The teachers were always reprimanding him for this. One day he asked me if he could read a book to me. We sat in the corner while he read perfectly from The Lord of the Rings. He was 9 years old.

The child learns that what he loves is unimportant and secondary to what others think is significant. After a while, what he loves is so buried, it is barely -- if at all -- accessible, especially to himself.

* Kids being constantly told: "You need to learn this because you may use it when you're an adult." Or: "Follow directions without questioning because when you have a job, your boss is going to expect you to do as you are told."

The student learns that for the rest of her life, she'll be a subordinant -- always being told what to do -- never being the boss herself. She learns that the present moment means nothing other than to provide for some obscure time or reason in the future.

* Creativity, self-initiative, and originality are stamped out. All art classes (or other extracurricular classes) require kids to construct replicas of what the teacher makes. Successful artists, poets, and writers are not created within the public schools -- they survive and prosper in spite of their schooling. Again, a child learns that ingenuity is not something to be valued.

Why is it that very few people are aware of what's happening to kids in then government schools? One reason is that most of us went to public schools sowe don't even notice the huge detrimental impact they have on kids, families, and society. I think kids are retaliating with a deadly violence (Columbine, for example) to a system that mercilessly crushes them.

Another reason, of course, is that the government should never have gotten involved in the business of education in the first place. The vast bureaucratic system of government schooling, like any dictatorial establishment, must fail. Let's hope so -- for the kids' sake.

--


Dr. Chris R. Tame, Director
Libertarian Alliance | "The secret of Happiness is Freedom, 
LA Web Site: http://www.libertarian-alliance.com/
25 Chapter Chambers | and the secret of Freedom is Courage" |
Esterbrooke Street | Thucydides, Pericles' Funeral Oration |
Free Life Web Site: http://www.whig.org.uk
London SW1P 4NN    England
Tel: 020 7821 5502
Fax: 020 7834 2031
Email: chris@rand.demon.co.uk

 
[Critical] pedagogy . . . signals how questions of audience, voice, power, and evaluation actively work to construct particular relations between teachers and students, institutions and society, and classrooms and communities. . . . Pedagogy in the critical sense illuminates the relationship among knowledge, authority, and power. (Giroux, 1994: 30)



Check out John Taylor Gatto
for more anti-institutional education thinking


Ten qualities were offered as essential to successfully adapting to the rapidly changing world of work. See how many of those you think are regularly taught in the schools of your city:

1) The ability to define problems without a guide.
2) The ability to ask hard questions which challenge prevailing assumptions.
3) The ability to work in teams without guidance.
4) The ability to work absolutely alone.
5) The ability to persuade others that your course is the right one.
6) The ability to discuss issues and techniques in public with an eye to reaching decisions about policy.
7) The ability to conceptualize and reorganize information into new patterns.
8) The ability to pull what you need quickly from masses of irrelevant data.
9) The ability to think inductively, deductively, and dialectically. 
10) The ability to attack problems heuristically.
 


Also note this chapter from Life In Classrooms


From the standpoint of understanding the impact of school life on the student some features of the classroom that are not immediately visible are fully as important as those that are. .... these may be introduced by the key words: crowds, praise, and power." - excerpt from Life In Classrooms

From California - Homeschool Civics Lesson



 
 
 

Homeschool Civics Lesson #1. Government officials don't know the law.Occasionally, there are education bureaucrats who don't know the law and probably have never bothered to read the Education Code or their manuals. They simply don't know that independent homeschooling is legal. 

Criteria for a Proper School, by GEM

                1.Children Will Not Be Allowed To Start School Until They Are
                  At Least Nine Years Old.
                2.Children Will Not Be Subjected To More Than Two To Three
                  Hours Of Formal Instruction Every Day.
                3.Classes Will Be Limited To Five Students Or Less.
                4.All Classes Will Be Geared To The Needs Of The Individual
                  Child, Not To The Convenience Of The Teacher.
                5.No Subject Will Be Taught Out Of Context. All Subjects Must
                  Have A Direct Bearing On A Child's Life, And Be Directly
                  Related To Reality.
                6.Children Will Not Be Graded.
                7.Children Will Attend School For Three To Five Years. They
                  Will Then Go Out Into The World And Pursue A Field Of
                  Interest.
                8.Schools Will Be An Integral, Interconnected Part Of
                  Community Life.
                9.Children Will Be Educated In Hardware Stores, Hospitals,
                  Police Stations, Churches, Etc.

                     For more of the Gentle Wind School's philosophy



From State Education Fails The Test

             by William Trench

             In his excellent article, How you can profit from the school hoax,
             (World Market Perspective, Nov.'87), Richard J. Maybury lists the
             six characteristics that an "illiteracy mill" would have to have. I
             summarize them as follows:

                1.Curiosity is spontaneous and must be suppressed. Prohibit
                  spontaneity and regiment learning so that children are
                  taught things when the system decides, not when they want
                  to learn them.
                2.Remove children from the adult world so that they are
                  deprived of role models, and cannot learn by copying adults.
               3.Enact child labour laws so that anyone trying to escape from
                  the illiteracy mill has nowhere else to go. No apprenticeship
                  system means they won't be able to learn a trade by copying
                  adults.
                4.Force children by law to attend, thereby making learning a
                  job, a chore, an obligation; definitely not fun. Supplant
                  curiosity by drudgery. Prison dulls the mind.
               5.Coercing the children also helps wipe out the teacher's
                  desire to teach. It creates massive problems of motivation
                  and discipline. Teachers commonly quit after a few years of
                  attempting to combine the roles of entertainer and enforcer
                  in an effort to get something done.
                6.Last but not least, everyone should be forced to pay for the
                  mill no matter what their mill does to children's minds. And
                  there are no refunds. If a child comes out of the system with
                  his brain turned to mush, the parents should still be forced
                  to pay, every year for the rest of their lives.